ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2008-2012
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2014.v18.i4.97Keywords:
Human development index, RGDP, dependency ratio, household consumption for food, government budget for education and healthAbstract
Human Development Index (HDI) is an index established by UNDP in 1996 to measure the well-being of society. Indonesian HDI increased during the period of 2008-2012; however, there is high variation among 33 provinces. Its position in the world is still below the average (121 of 187 countries) and ranks 5th among ASEAN countries (UNDP, 2013). Based on this phenomenon this study tries to analyze the determinants of HDI which include GDP, dependency ratio, household consumption for food, government budget for education, and the budget for health. The results indicate that GDP and government budget for health have positive effect on HDI, whereas dependency ratio and household consumption for food have negative effect. However, the budget for education has no effect on HDI. HDI is an important indicator of development; therefore, the government and the society should take efforts to improve the HDI. Economic growth, income distribution, population control, poverty alleviation, as well as improvement in health services and education are needed in order to improve the HDI.
References
Ananta, A. 1986. Masalah dan Prospek Ekonomi Indonesia 1986/1987 dalam (ED) Moh. Arsyad Anwar. UI Press. Jakarta.
Astri, M., S. Nikensari, dan Kuncara. 2013. Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Daerah pada Sektor Pendidikan dan Kesehatan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1(1):77-102.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2006. PDRB Propinsi-Propinsi Menurut Penggunaan 2000-2004. BPS-Statistics Indonesia. Jakarta.
______. 2006. Susenas Kesejahteraan Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga. BPS Indonesia.
_______. 2012. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di 33 Provinsi di Indonesia.BPS Indonesia.
Brata, A. G. 2004. Analisis Hubungan Imbal Balik Antara Pembangunan Manusia dan Kinerja Ekonomi Daerah Tingkat II di Indonesia. Lembaga Penelitian – Universitas Atma Jaya. Yogyakarta.
Chakrabarty, M. dan W. Hildenbrand. 2009. Engel’s Law Reconsidered. Working Paper Bonn. University of Bonn, Germany.
Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan. 2012. APBD Realisasi. http://www.djpk. kemenkeu.go.id/data-series/data-keuangan-daerah/setelah-ta-2006. Diakses 24 Agus tus 2014.
Ginting, C. K., I. King, dan N. Roy. 2008. Pembangunan Manusia di Indonesia dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi nya. Jurnal Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Wilayah 4(1): 17-24.
Gujarati, D. N. 2013. Dasar-Dasar Ekono- metrika. Salemba Empat. Jakarta.
Haq, M. U. 1996, Reflections on Human Development, 1st Edition. Oxford Univer- sity Press. New York.
Kurniawan, B. 2014. 2020, Indonesia Alami Bonus Demografi. http://news.detik.com/ read/2014/06/12/225936/2606875/10/2020-indonesia-alami-bonus-demografi. Diakses 23 September 2014.
Khodabakhshi, A. 2011. Relationship between GDP and Human Development Indices in India. Journal Department of Economics, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran 1(1):1-9.
Kuncoro, M. 2010. Ekonomika Pembangunan. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Mankiw, N. G. 2003. Teori Makro Ekonomi Terjemahan. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Musgrave, R. A. dan B. Peggy. 1989. Public Finance in Theory and Practise. Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill Book. Inter- national Edition. California.
Owens, R. G. 1987. Organization Behavior in Education. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey.
Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung. 2012. Sumber Daya Manusia. http://www. bandungkab.go.id/arsip/2391/sumber-daya-manusia. Diakses 24 Agustus 2014.
Pratowo, I. Nur. 2012. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia. Jurnal Studi Ekonomi Indonesia 1(1):15-31.
Ranis, G. dan F. Stewart. 2006. Economic Growth and HumanDevelopment in Latin America. Cepal No. 78. The UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
Richard, P. 2004. The Economics of Adjustment and Growth. Editorial UPR. Los Angeles.
Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom 1st ed. Oxford University Pres. New York.
Setiawan, M.B. dan A. Hakim. 2013. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Indonesia. Jurnal Economia 9(1): 18 -26.
Sinulingga, B. 2008. Analisis Pengaruh Distribusi APBD Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara 1(1): 106-120.
Sukirno, S. 2000. Makro ekonomi Modern: Perkembangan Pemikiran Dari Klasik Hingga Keynesian Baru. PT Raja Grafindo Pustaka. Jakarta.
Tjiptoherijanto, P. 1989. Untaian Pembangunan Sumberdaya Manusia. FEUI. Jakarta.
Todaro, M. 2006. Pembangunan Ekonomi. Erlangga. Jakarta.
UNDP, 1990. Human Development Report 1990. Oxford University Press. New York.
_____. 1996. Human Development Report 1996, Economic and Human Development, Published for United Nations Develop- ment Programme. Oxford University Press. New York.
_____. 2013. Human Development Report 2013. Oxford University Press. New York.
Widarjono, A. 2009. Ekonometrika Pengantar dan Aplikasinya. Ekonisia. Jogyakarta.
