THE SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS OF NATURE-BASED TOURISM FROM THE TOURIST PERSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2024.v8.i1.6362Keywords:
sustainable competitiveness, natural tourism, tourist perspectiveAbstract
This research aims to examine aspects of the competitiveness of natural tourist destinations, including eco-destination image, ecotourism experience, and destination quality so that they can contribute to environmental conservation efforts, sustainable use of natural resources, and determining strategies for managers of natural tourist destinations to improve quality. Moreover, the attractiveness of the tourist destinations it manages. Quantitative research collects, analyzes, and displays data numerically using empirical studies. Used in this research. A survey via questionnaire with closed questions was conducted at three natural tourist destinations in Batu City, namely Selecta Tourism, Jatim Park II, and Batu Love Garden. As a result, the respondents generally have good expectations for tourist destinations in Batu City regarding the eco-destination experience, image variables, and destination quality variables. However, in the Destination Quality variable, the amenities indicator, most respondents do not fully agree with access for people with disabilities and pregnant women and medical facilities around tourist destinations. So, the results of this research can be used as a review and evaluation for tourist destination managers and local governments regarding these facilities.
References
Abbasi, G. A., J. Kumaravelu, Y. N. Goh, and K. S. D. Singh. 2021. Understanding the Intention to Revisit a Destination by Expanding the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC 25(2): 282–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2019-0109.
Abrahams, R. D. 1986. Ordinary and Extraordinary Experience. In The Anthropology of Experience. University of Illinois Press, 45–72.
Abreu Novais, M., L. Ruhanen, and C. Arcodia. 2018. Destination Competitiveness: a Phenomenographic Study. Tourism Management 64: 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.014.
Algieri, B., A. Aquino, and M. Succurro. 2018. International Competitive Advantages in Tourism: an Eclectic View. Tourism Management Perspectives 25: 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.003.
Ali, F., O. Ciftci, L. Nanu, C. Cobanoglu, and K. Ryu. 2021. Response Rates in Hospitality Research: an Overview of Current Practice and Suggestions for Future Research. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 62(1): 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965520943094.
Añaña, E. D. S., R. C. Rodrigues, and L. D. D. S. Flores. 2018. Competitive Performance as a Substitute for Competitiveness Measurement in Tourism Destinations: an Integrative Study. International Journal of Tourism Cities 4(2): 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-07-2017-0035.
Andrades, L. and F. Dimanche. 2017. Destination Competitiveness and Tourism Development in Russia: Issues and Challenges. Tourism Management 62: 360–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.05.008.
Beldona, S., H. V. Kher, and S. Bernard. 2019. Do Personal Values Affect Perceptions of the Hospitality Performance? International Journal of Hospitality Management 87: 102384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102384.
Blanco-Cerradelo, L., A. Gueimonde-Canto, J. A. Fraiz-Brea, and M. I. Diéguez-Castrillón. 2018. Dimensions of Destination Competitiveness: Analyses of Protected Areas in Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production 177: 782–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.242.
Campón-Cerro, A. M., J. M. Hernández-Mogollón, and H. Alves. 2017. Sustainable Improvement of Competitiveness in Rural Tourism Destinations: The Quest for Tourist Loyalty in Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 6(3): 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.04.005.
Chen, C. M., S. H. Chen, H. T. Lee, and T. H. Tsai. 2016. Exploring Destination Resources and Competitiveness–A Comparative Analysis of Tourists' Perceptions and Satisfaction toward an Island of Taiwan. Ocean & Coastal Management 119: 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.09.013.
Creswell, J. W. and J. W. Creswell. 2018. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fifth Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Khan Chi, N. T. and H. Pham. 2022. The Moderating Role of Eco-Destination Image in the Travel Motivations and Ecotourism Intention Nexus. Journal of Tourism Futures: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2022-0014.
Cimbaljević, M., U. Stankov, and V. Pavluković. 2018. Going Beyond the Traditional Destination Competitiveness – Reflections on a Smart Destination in the Current Research. Current Issues in Tourism: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.09.013.
Cvelbar, L., L. Dwyer, M. Koman, and T. Mihalič. 2016. Drivers of Destination Competitiveness in Tourism. Journal of Travel Research 8(55): 1041-1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515617299.
Dwyer, L. and C. W. Kim. 2003. Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and Indicators. Current Issues in Tourism 6(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500308667962.
Estevão, C., J. Ferreira, and S. Nunes. 2015. Determinants of Tourism Destination Competitiveness: A SEM Approach. Marketing Places and Spaces (Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 10), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds: 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1871-317320150000010009.
Farmaki, A. 2017. The Tourism and Peace Nexus. Tourism Management 59: 528–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.09.012.
Fennell, D. A. 2015. Ecotourism. Routledge.
Fuchs, M. and K. Weiermair. 2004. Destination Benchmarking: an Indicator-System’s Potential for Exploring Guest Satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research 42(3): 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287503258827.
Go, F. M. and R. Govers. 2000. Integrated Quality Management for Tourist Destinations: A European Perspective on Achieving Competitiveness. Tourism Management 21(1): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00098-9.
Hair, J. F., M. Wonfinbarger, A. H. Money, P. Samuel, and M. J. Page. 2015. Essentials of Business Research Methods. 2nd Edition. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315704562.
Hassan, S. S. 2000. Determinants of Market Competitiveness in an Environmentally Sustainable Tourism Industry. Journal of Travel Research 38(3): 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800305.
Jeong, Y. and S. Kim. 2019. A Study of Event Quality, Destination Image, Perceived Value, Tourist Satisfaction, and Destination Loyalty among Sport Tourists. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 32: 940-960. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-02-2019-0101.
Joo, D., K. M. Woosnam, S. Lee, and C. K. Lee. 2020. Destination Loyalty is Explained through Self-Congruity, Emotional Solidarity, and Travel Satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 45: 338–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.017.
Kaur, A., A. Chauhan, and Y. Medury. 2016. Destination Image of Indian Tourism Destinations: An Evaluation using Correspondence Analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 28(3): 499-524. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-05-2015-0074.
Kim, J. and D. R. Fesenmaier. 2014. Measuring Emotions in Real Time: Implications for Tourism Experience Design. Journal of Travel Research 54(4): 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514550100.
Koch, J., S. O. Gerdt, and G. Schewe. 2020. Determinants of Sustainable Behavior of Firms and the Consequences for Customer Satisfaction in Hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management 89: 102515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102515.
Konecnik, M. 2002. The Image as a Possible Source of Competitive Advantage of the Destination - The Case of Slovenia. Tourism Review 57(1/2): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058373.
Li, T., F. Liu, and G. N. Soutar. 2021. Experiences, Post-Trip Destination Image, Satisfaction, and Loyalty: A Study in an Ecotourism Context. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 19: 100547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100547.
Lim, S. and C. M. Ok. 2021. A Meta-Analytic Review of Antecedents of Hospitality and Tourism Firms’ Performance: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Tourism Management 86: 104325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104325.
Luštický, M. and P. Štumpf. 2021. Leverage Points of Tourism Destination Competitiveness Dynamics. Tourism Management Perspectives 38: 100792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100792.
Mandić, A., S. Pivčević, and L. Petrić. 2020. Restaurant Online Reputation and Destination Competitiveness: Insight into TripAdvisor Data. Gastronomy for Tourism Development: 155–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-755-420201011.
Mason, P. H. 2020. Environmental Education and Ecotourism - Fernando Ramírez and Josefina Santana, (2019). Environmental Education and Ecotourism. Springer. Australian Journal of Environmental Education 36(3): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2020.2.
Mei, X. Y. 2014. Boring and Expensive: The Challenge of Developing Experience-Based Tourism in the Inland Region, Norway. Tourism Management Perspectives 12: 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.09.003.
Mendola, D. and S. Volo. 2017. Building Composite Indicators in Tourism Studies: Measurements and Applications in Tourism Destination Competitiveness. Tourism Management 59: 541–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.08.011.
Mira, M. R., A. Moura, and Z. Breda. 2016. Destination Competitiveness and Competitiveness Indicators: Illustration of the Portuguese Reality. Tékhne 14(2): 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tekhne.2016.06.002.
Musa, G., S. Najmin, T. Thirumoorthi, and A. Z. Taha. 2017. Examining Visitors’ Experience with Batu Cave, using the Four Realm Experiential Theory. International Journal of Tourism Cities 3(2): 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJTC-10-2016 0037.
Nadalipour, Z., M. H. I. Khoshkhoo, and A. R. Eftekhari. 2019. An Integrated Model of Destination Sustainable Competitiveness. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 29(4): 314–335. https://doi.org/10.1108/cr-12-2017-0086.
Nekmahmud, M., H. Ramkissoon, and M. Fekete-Farkas. 2022. Green Purchase and Sustainable Consumption: A Comparative Study between European and non-European Tourists. Tourism Management Perspectives 43: 100980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100980.
Pham, H. S. and C. N. Khanh. 2021. Ecotourism Intention: The Roles of Environmental Concern, Time Perspective and Destination Image. Tourism Review 76(5): 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2019-0363.
Rachmawati, E., J. Fountain, and M. Mackay. 2021. Factors Influencing Economic Empowerment in Tourism Development. Economics and Finance in Indonesia 67(2): 223-234. https://doi.org/10.47291/efi.v67i2.917.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., J. L. Rold´ an, M. Jaafar, and T. Ramayah. 2017. Factors Influencing Residents’ Perceptions toward Tourism Development: Differences across Rural and Urban World Heritage Sites. Journal of Travel Research 56(6): 760–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516662354.
Rejikumar, G., A. A. Ajitha, A. Jose, and S. Mathew. 2021. Strategic Positioning of Tourist Destinations-Analyzing the Role of Perceived Meaningfulness. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 49: 140–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.08.025.
Ritchie, J. R. B. and G. I. Crouch. 2003. The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective. Tourism Management 21(1): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996646.0000.
Scott B. R. and G. C. Lodge. 1985. US Competitiveness in the World Economy. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
Statista. 2023. Market Size of the Tourism Sector Worldwide from 2010 to 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1220218/tourism-industry-market-size-global/#:~:text=How%20big%20is%20the%20tourism%20industry%3F%20In%202023%2C,under%20three%20trillion%20U.S.%20dollars%2C%20surpassing%20pre-pandemic%20levels.
Thi Khanh, C. N. and L. T. Phong. 2020. Impact of Environmental Belief and Nature-Based Destination Image on Ecotourism Attitude. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 3(4): 489-505. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-03-2020-0027.
Tsai, H., H. Song, and K. K. Wong. 2009. Tourism and Hotel Competitiveness Research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 26(5–6): 522–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400903163079.
Vinyals-Mirabent, S. 2019. European Urban Destinations’ Attractors at the Frontier between Competitiveness and a Unique Destination Image. A Benchmark Study of Communication Practices. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 12: 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.02.006.
WTTC. 2015. Travel & Tourism, Economic Impact 2015. World Travel & Tourism Council. London.