DAMPAK LIBERALISASI TARIF IMPOR PADA INVESTASI TEKNOLOGI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2018.v2.i1.2744Keywords:
liberalisasi tarif, investasi teknologi, manufaktur, IndonesiaAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak penurunan tarif impor pada investasi teknologi perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh sektor industri manufaktur menengah besar (IBS) tahun 2003-2014. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan pendekataan ekonometri dengan metode regresi tobit. Secara teori, liberalisasi tarif dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan investasi teknologi. Perbedaan tingkat efisiensi (gap teknologi) perusahaan yang menyebabkan respon perusahaan terhadap liberalisasi tarif berbeda-beda. Ketika gap teknologi perusahaan di dalam negeri dengan frontier kecil maka peningkatan kompetisi mendorong investasi teknologi. Akan tetapi, ketika gap teknologinya besar maka secara teori terdapat dua kemungkinan yaitu menurunkan atau meningkatkan investasi teknologi. Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang di mana rata-rata tingkat efisiensinya kecil, sehingga di duga gap teknologi perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia dibandingkan frontier-nya besar. Berdasarkan hasil regresi diketahui semakin besar penurunan tarif semakin tinggi investasi teknologi yang dilakukan. Selain itu, terbukti bahwa perusahaan dengan gap teknologi yang kecil memiliki investasi teknologi yang lebih besar dibandingkan perusahaan dengan gap teknologi yang besar. Perusahaan dengan gap teknologi yang besar melakukan investasi teknologi hanya untuk bertahan.
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