PEMBERDAYAAN KERJA PROFESIONAL SEBAGAI MEDIASI DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI DAN PERTUKARAN PEMIMPIN-ANGGOTA (LMX) TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2012.v16.i2.219Keywords:
dukungan organisasi, kualitas pertukaran pimpinan anggota (leader member-exchange), pemberdayaan kerja, komitmen organisasionalAbstract
Tujuan penelitian ini menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh dukungan organisasi dan pertukaran pimpinan-anggota (LMX) terhadap pemberdayaan kerja serta dampaknya terhadap peningkatan komitmen organisasional Staf Medis Fungsional Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Terdapat 2 Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah Pusat dan 2 Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah Daerah, dengan unit analisis Staf Medis Fungsional (SMF). Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 92 SMF dengan teknik pengambilan sampel sensus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan teknik analisis statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan PLS (Partial Least Square). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dukungan organisasi (perceived organizational support) dan kualitas pertukaran pimpinan-anggota (Leader Member Exchange) yang tinggi, dapat memberikan peningkatan pada pemberdayaan kerja profesional Staf Medis Fungsional (SMF) Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah di DKI Jakarta yang akhirnya berdampak pada peningkatan komitmen organisasional. Dukungan organisasi yang dipersepsikan tinggi oleh SMF tidak dapat meningkatkan komitmen organisasional secara langsung. Namun demikian penerapan pemberdayaan kerja SMF secara profesional ditemukan dapat meningkatkan komitmen organisasional.References
Allen, D.G., L. M. Shore, dan R.W. Griffeth. 2003. The Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices in the Turnover Process. Journal of Management 29(1): 99–118.
Aselage, J. dan R. Eisenberger. 2003. Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Contracts: a Theoretical Integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior 24(5): 491-509.
Beiley, T.L. 2009. Organizational Culture, Macro and Micro Empowerment Dimensions, and Job Satisfaction: an Apllication of Concurrent Mixed and Multi-Level Methods in the Federal Sector. Dissertation. Touro International University.
Bhal, K.T., N. Gulati, dan M.A. Ansari. 2009. Leader-Member Exchange and Subordinate Outcomes: Test Of a Mediation Model. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 30(2): 106-125.
Budiarto, W. dan Ristrini. 2004. Pengelompokan Kelas Rumah Sakit Berbasis Pada Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Pendekatan Cluster Analysis. Manajemen Usahawan Indonesia (April): 10-14.
DeCicco, J., H. Laschinger, dan M. Kerr. 2006. Perception of Empowerment and Respect, Effect on Nurses’ Organizational Commitment in Nursing Homes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 32(5): 49-56.
Hall, H. 2001. Social Exchange For Knowledge Exchange. Paper Presented at Managing Knowledge: Conversation and Critiques. University of Leicester Management Center.
He, P. 2008. An Investigation of the Antecedents and Consequences of Affective Commitment in a U.S. Hospitality Organization. Dissertation. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Joo, B.K. 2008. The Antecedents and Consequence of Organizational Commit ment: The Roles of Organizational Learning Culture, Leader-Member Exchange Quality, and Turnover Intention. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 16(1): 48-60.
Laschinger, H. K. S., N. Purdy, dan J. Almost. 2007. The Impact of Leader-Member Exchange Quality, Empowerment, and Core Self-evaluation on Nurse Manager’s Job Satisfaction. The Journal Of Nursing Administration 37(5): 221-229.
Laschinger, H. K. S., J. Finegan, dan P. Wilk, 2008. Individual and Contextual Predictors Of Nurses Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Burnout. The 11th International Conference on Social Stress Research.
Laschinger, H. K. S., A. Labatt, J. Finegan, dan P. Wilk. 2011. Testing a Multi-Level Model of Staff Nurse Organizational Commitment. Journal of Healthcare Management 56(1): 81-91.
Ledwell, E. A., Mary. A Andrusyszyn, dan C. L.Iwasiw. 2006. Nursing Students Empowerment in Distance Education: Testing Kanter’s Theory. Journal Of Distance Education Revue De L’Education a Distance 21(20): 78-95.
Luthans, F. 2007. Organizational Behavior, 9th Ed. Boston. McGraw Hill.
Mankanjee, C. R., Y. F. Hartzer dan I. L. Uys. 2006. The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Commitment of Diagnostic Imaging Radiographer. Radiography 12(2): 118-126.
Mathis, R. L., J. H Jackson. 2006. Human Resources Management, 10th ed. Thomson South Western.
Nedd, N. 2006. Perceptions of Empowerment and Intent to Stay. Nursing Economic 24(1): 13-18.
Patrick, A., dan H. K. S Laschinger. 2006. The Effect of Structural Empowerment and Perceived Organizational Support on Middle Level Nurse Managers' Role Satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Management 14(1): 13–22.
Polly, L. M. 2002. Social Exchange And Customer Service The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Support, Leader-Member Exchange, And Customer Service Behavior. A Dissertation. Louisiana State University.
Rhoades, L., dan R. Eisenberger. 2002. Perceived Organizational Support: a Review of the Literature. Journal Applied Psychology 87(4): 698–714.
Ristrini. 2005. Perubahan Paradigma Jasa Pelayanan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit dan Rekomendasi Kebijakan Strategis Bagi Pemimpin, Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, 08 (01): 3-9.
Robbins, S. P. 2007. Perilaku Organisasi. Edisi Kesepuluh. Molan, Benyamin (penerjemah). Jakarta. Prenhallindo.
Samad, Sarminah. 2007. Social Structural Characteristics and Employee Empower ment: The Role of Proactive Personality. International of Business Research Papers 3(4): 254-264.
Sugiyono. 2009. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. CV Alfabeta. Bandung.
Thoyib, A. 2005. Hubungan Kepemimpinan, Budaya, Strategi, dan Kinerja: Pendekatan Konsep. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 7(6): 210-226.
Trisnantoro, L. 2005. Aspek strategis dalam Manajemen Rumah Sakit. Penerbit Andi. Yogyakarta.
Trisnantoro, L. 2006. Memahami Penggunaan Ilmu Ekonomi dalam Manajemen Rumah Sakit. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Upenieks, V.V. 2003. The Interelationship of Organizational Characteristic of Magnet Hospitals, Nursing Leadership, and Nursing Job Satisfaction. Health Care Manage 22 (2): 83-98.
Wayne, S. J., L. M. Shore, dan W. H. Bommer. 2002. The Role of Fair Treatment and Rewards in Perceptions of Organizational Support and Leader–Member Exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(3): 597-598.
Yukl, Gary. 2007. Leadership in Organization. 5th Edition. Supriyanto, Budi (penerjemah). Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi. PT Indeks Indonesia. Jakarta.
Yukl, G., M. O’Donnell, dan T. Taber. 2009. Influence of Leader Behaviors on The Leader-Member Exchange Relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology 24(4): 289-299.
Zafirovski, M. 2005. Social Exchange Theory under Scrutiny: A Positive Critique of its Economic-Behaviorist Formulations. Electronic Journal of Sociology ISSN: 1198 3655.
Zhou, P. J., Z. Xiao-xue, dan Z. Xia-qing. 2010. The role of Leadership Between the Employees and the Organization: a Bridge or a Ravine? An Empirical Study From China. Journal of Management and Marketing Research 5(June): 1-14.